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Acids, alkalis and salts
In this section you will be assessed on your ability to
4.1 describe the use of the indicators litmus, phenolphthalein and methyl orange to distinguish between acidic and alkaline solutions
4.2 understand how the pH scale, from 0–14, can be used to classify solutions as strongly acidic, weakly acidic, neutral, weakly alkaline or strongly alkaline
4.3 describe the use of universal indicator to measure the approximate pH value of a solution
4.4 define acids as sources of hydrogen ions, H+, and alkalis as sources of hydroxide ions, OH ̄
4.5 predict the products of reactions between dilute hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acids; and metals, metal oxides and metal carbonates (excluding the reactions between nitric acid and metals)
4.6 recall the general rules for predicting the solubility of salts in water:
i all common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble
ii all nitrates are soluble
iii common chlorides are soluble, except silver chloride
iv common sulfates are soluble, except those of barium and calcium
v common carbonates are insoluble, except those of sodium, potassium and ammonium
4.7 describe experiments to prepare soluble salts from acids
4.8 describe experiments to prepare insoluble salts using precipitation reactions
4.9 describe experiments to carry out acid-alkali titrations

Section notes

Section 4 a acids, alkalis and salts.doc

Investigations

Reactions of acids Reactions of acids.pdf Details Download 79 KB	Making salts method 1 precipitating salts.pdf Details Download 73 KB
Making salts method 2 preparation of copper sulphate.pdf Details Download 89 KB	Making salts method 3 Titration making sodium chloride.pdf Details Download 100 KB